Management of Internal Mammary Artery Spasm

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Management of Internal Mammary Artery Spasm

The article is dedicated to the management of internal mammary artery spasm intraand postoperatively based on the accumulated evidence in the literature. It provides stepwise decision algorithms for safely resolving the spasm and prevention of relapse. INTRODUCTION The left internal mammary artery (IMA) is the most widely used graft and is predominantly anastomosed to the left anterior descendi...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: International Journal of Clinical Medicine

سال: 2014

ISSN: 2158-284X,2158-2882

DOI: 10.4236/ijcm.2014.55042